Bibliography and End/Footnotes
In History, we use
The Chicago Manual of Style. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2003.
as our reference source for citation format. This is not the same format as for the sciences. It is NOT correct to use APA, even though it is also a correct format.
Bibliography
Internet Source:
Author (last, first) or Site Owner. “Page Title.” Site
Owner*. URL.
Note that date is not included for bibliography but WILL be required for footnotes.
* If not cited in place of author
Ex: Grymes, Charles A. “The Spanish in the Chesapeake Bay.” Virginia Places. www.virginiaplaces.org/settleland/spanish.html.
Book:
Author (last, first). Book Title. Place: Publisher, Date.
Ex: Cather, Willa. Death Comes for the Archbishop. New York: Vintage Books, Random House, 1990.
Encyclopaedia Article:
Author (last, first). “Article Title.” Encyclopaedia, Edition Number or Date.
Video: AIMS Multimedia. "American Lifestyle: Sam
Houston and Texas: A Giant Man for a Giant Land."
unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/.
unitedstreaming: http://www.unitedstreaming.com/.
Foot/Endnotes
This format is more complicated, because what you use depends not only on the type of source you are citing, BUT ALSO on where in your essay you are citing it.
For a first reference to a website:
1. Author or Site Owner, “Page Title,” Site Owner*, URL (Date).
* If not cited in place of author
Ex: 1. Charles A. Grymes, “The Spanish in the Chesapeake Bay,” Virginia Places,
For a first reference to a book:
2. Author, Book Title (Place: Publisher, Date), page.
Ex: 2. Willa Cather, Death Comes for the Archbishop ( New York: Vintage Books, Random House, 1990), p 23.
For a first reference to an encyclopaedia article:
3. Encyclopaedia, Edition Number or Date, s.v. “Article Title.”
For a first reference to a video:
4. AIMS Multimedia, "American Lifestyle: Sam Houston and Texas: A Giant Man for a Giant Land," United Streaming, http://www.unitedstreaming.com/ (accessed
October 25 2006).
Subsequent Citations
This is where life gets rather more complicated. You see, the second or third or fourth time that you go back to the same source, it is not correct format to copy out all of the same information again. What you record depends on a couple of variables.
A subsequent reference to the same source as the one cited IMMEDIATELY above:
5. Ibid. That’s all you have to put. It literally means “same as above” in Latin.
A subsequent reference to a source previously cited, but not right above:
6. Cather, Death Comes for the Archbishop, p 25.
You will only record the complete information once for each source in the footnotes or endnotes.
What’s the difference between the footnotes and endnotes?
Easy. Footnotes can be found at the bottom of the page where the information or quotation can be found, and endnotes are all on one page at the end of the essay , before the bibliography.
